Cov ntaub ntawv carbon-based yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam xws li lub zog cia, ib puag ncig kev tshawb fawb, thiab cov ntaub ntawv chemistry. Hauv ob peb lub xyoo dhau los, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau ua tiav ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv carbon uas tshwm sim, xws li biochar, graphene, graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon spheres, carbon aerogels, nitrogen. -doped carbon thiab graphite theem carbon nitride. Airgel yog ib yam ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj heev thiab qhov ntom ntom. Txij li thaum nws yug los nyob rau hauv 1931, nws yeej ib txwm nyiam dav. Nrog rau kev ua tiav tas mus li ntawm lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb nrhiav txuas ntxiv tshawb nrhiav thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev npaj ntawm aerogel, los ntawm thawj zaug inorganic silica airgel maj mam tsim mus rau cov organic aerogel, thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau carbon aerogel, thiab sib txuas, daim ntawv thov ntau yam ntawm airgel kuj tseem txuas ntxiv mus. nthuav.
Carbon-based aerogels yog ib hom tshiab ntawm nano-porous carbon cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm carbonization ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv ib tug inert gas ib puag ncig, siv cov organic aerogels ua precursors. Lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si aerogels thiab cov khoom siv carbon. Vim nws qhov qis qis, thaj chaw tshwj xeeb thaj tsam thiab muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide, cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv lub zog cia, kev kos duab, sensor, kev thaiv kev thaiv thiab nqus.
Duab qhov chaw: Phau ntawv Journal ntawm Colloid thiab Interface Science
Kev faib tawm ntawm carbon-based aerogels:
Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw, carbon aerogels tuaj yeem faib ua peb pawg: graphite-based carbon aerogels, organic carbon aerogels thiab carbon composite aerogels.
Rau graphite-raws li carbon aerogels, xws li graphene aerogels thiab carbon nanotube aerogels, graphite-carbon cov ntaub ntawv yog ncaj qha ua ke rau hauv peb-dimensional airgel qauv siv cov txheej txheem sib dhos tsim nyog. Vim lawv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab, cov ntaub ntawv carbon airgel no tau siv dav hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov sensors.
Cov khoom siv ua ntej ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog cov organic teeb meem, uas tau hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom siv carbon tom qab kub carbonization txheej txheem, thiab tom qab ntawd peb-dimensional ntxeem tau qauv yog tsim nrog kev pab los ntawm txheej txheem sib dhos. Cov pa roj carbon-based aerogels tuaj yeem muab faib ua biomass carbon aerogels thiab polymer-based carbon aerogels. Vim lawv cov khoom zoo adsorption thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, lawv muaj kev siv dav thiab kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab lub zog.
Carbon composite airgel yog ib qho kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv cov pa roj carbon-based airgel hauv xyoo tas los no. Los ntawm kev qhia cov organic pawg lossis polymer, qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab tswj tau, thiab tom qab ntawd cov teeb meem ntawm ib qho khoom siv carbon-based airgel cov ntaub ntawv xws li brittleness ntau dua, yooj yim ya raws, tsis yooj yim thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua. Thaum tuav cov khoom zoo heev, carbon composite aerogels ua tiav kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, uas qhib qhov chaw dav rau kev siv cov pa roj carbon-based aerogels.
Kev npaj ntawm carbon-based aerogel:
Kev npaj ntawm carbon-based airgel feem ntau suav nrog peb kauj ruam hauv qab no: (1) precursor solation, sol gelation thiab aging; ② Cov gel dries los ua aerogel; ③ Carbonization ntawm airgel kom tau carbon-based aerogel. Cov pa roj carbon-based airgel tau pom tias muaj kev ua tau zoo hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, tab sis cov txheej txheem kev npaj ua haujlwm nyuaj, tus nqi siab thiab cov txiaj ntsig qis txwv nws txoj kev siv tau. Cov txheej txheem kev npaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv carbon-based airgel feem ntau suav nrog sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, chemical vapor deposition method thiab ice template method.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm carbon-based aerogel:
Carbon-based airgel yog ib hom teeb, ntxeem tau, amorphous carbon cov khoom nrog nanoporous qauv. Carbon-based airgel muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm electrochemical zog cia, catalyst thiab nws cov cab kuj, kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws thiab kev lag luam tub rog thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
1.Thermal rwb thaiv tsev rau cov roj teeb kub thiab supercapacitors
Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cia, qhov kub thiab txias muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab lub neej ntev. Airgel tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv thermal rwb thaiv tsev rau cov roj teeb kub thiab cov supercapacitors, tiv thaiv tshav kub los ntawm kev xa mus sai heev hauv lub roj teeb lossis lub capacitor, thiab tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm cov cuab yeej, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
2.Sound-absorbing khoom
Cov qauv ntxeem tau ntawm airgel ua rau nws muaj suab nrov-absorbing zog. Thaum lub suab nthwv dej nthuav tawm hauv qhov pores ntawm aerogel, lawv yuav raug cuam tshuam thiab tawg mus ntau zaus, kom lub suab lub zog yuav ploj mus ntxiv. Hauv cov tsev hais plaub, kaw cov studios thiab lwm qhov chaw uas muaj qhov xav tau ntawm ib puag ncig acoustic siab, airgel tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov suab nrov absorbing panels, zoo txo lub sij hawm reverberation sab hauv tsev thiab txhim kho lub clarity ntawm lub suab.
3.Catalyst kev them nyiaj yug
Qhov siab tshwj xeeb thaj tsam ntawm airgel muab ntau qhov chaw thauj khoom rau catalyst. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig catalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, xws li catalytic purification ntawm lub tsheb tso pa roj, catalytic oxidation ntawm industrial khib nyiab roj, thiab lwm yam., loading lub catalyst ntawm lub airgel carrier tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dispersion thiab kev ua ntawm cov catalyst, thiaj li catalyze hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov teeb meem tshuaj. zoo dua thiab txo cov emission ntawm cov pa phem.
4.Cov ntaub ntawv ntim rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Aerogels muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom ntim rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov chips, airgel ntim tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm ib puag ncig yam xws li ya raws thiab plua plav, thaum nws cov dielectric qis tsis tu ncua yuav pab txo qis thiab poob thaum lub teeb liab kis tau tus mob.
Duab qhov chaw: RSC Advances