Nyob rau hauv daim teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb, aerogels tau tshwm sim raws li "cov ntaub ntawv hnub qub" thoob plaws kev lag luam vim lawv cov khoom nanoporous thiab tshwj tsis yog kev kawm tshwj xeeb. Los ntawm kev tiv thaiv thermal rau aerospace tsheb mus rau roj teeb kev nyab xeeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab, cov ntawv thov ntawm Aerogels txuas ntxiv mus nthuav dav. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog ntau cov kev ua pa dav hlau ntawm kev ua lag luam, koj yog li cas xaiv cov khoom siv uas tsim nyog rau koj cov kev xav tau? Cov lus no ntsuas cov khoom tseem ceeb kom ua ntej thaum xaiv Aerogles los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab los muab cov lus qhia rau cov nyeem.
Thermal Kev Ua Tau Zoo: Qhov ntsuas dual ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab siab-kub tsis kam
Lub thermal ua tau ntawmib aerogels yog ib qho ntawm lawv cov tseem ceeb kev sib tw zoo, feem ntau xav txog ntawm ob yam:thermal conductivitythiabKub-Kub Kuj.
Thermal conductivityPuas yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas cov khoom siv thaum tshav kub ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob lub tsheb fais fab hluav taws xob,}}}}}. Tiv thaiv cov "Domino nyhuv" ntawm thermal khiav khiav. Hauv kev tsim lub zog hluav taws xob, cov tshiab Maness Aerogels siv cov kev hloov pauv kub, ua tiav cov kev hloov pauv kub, ua tiav thiab hluav taws xob zoo dua li ntawm Aerogels.
Kub-Kub KujNcaj qha txiav txim siab cov khoom siv daim ntawv thov cov xwm txheej. Ib lub hlau oxide oxide cov nanoribbon Airgel tsim los ntawm Tongji University tswj cov qauv txheej txheem kev ntseeg tom qab kev kho mob kub ntawm 1300 degree rau 2 teev. Tom qab tau ua (hlawv) los ntawm ib tug butane lub teeb lub teeb rau 300 vib nas this, nws nruab nrab rov ntsuas qhov kub yog tsuas yog 68.6 Degree, ua rau muaj kev kub siab zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv, ib txwm aerogels yog ib qho kev hloov pauv theem ntawm cov kev hloov tsheb kub, txwv lawv cov kev siv hauv cov pej xeem.
Kev ua haujlwm zoo: kos duab ntawm ntsuas qhov brittleness thiab kev nruj
Cov neeg kho tshuab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Aerogels tau ntev tau ib tug bottleneck rau kev ua lag luam. Tsoos Aerogganic Aerogels, nrog lawv cov nanoparticle-sib koom ua ke cov qauv txheej txheem, feem ntau ua rau brittleness thiab tsis zoo nias. Piv txwv li, ib txwm alumina aerogels tsuas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv 4% compression, thaum al-mnb Aerog-template txoj kev tuaj yeem ua kom tau txais mus txog 80% compression tsis muaj fracturing.
Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv cov khoom siv, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau npaj siab rau ntau yam tswv yim. Xib fwb Liu Tianxi pab pawg ntawm Jiangnan University tau tsim cellulose-silica airgel composites siv lub tswv yim khov-polymerization. Lawv cov qauv-Plhaub nanofiber matrix muab cov khoom siv zoo heev elasticity, tswj kev ruaj khov txawm tias tom qab kev soj ntsuam ntev ntev txog 800 degree. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev sib xyaw ua ntej (xws li ua ntej oxidized fibers thiab iav fibers) yog ib qho teeb meem los txhim kho lub teeb ua kom zoo nkauj thaum txhim kho kev cuam tshuam tsis kam.
Tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov: Lub peev xwm muaj sia nyob hauv ib puag ncig heev
Aerogels yuav ntsib cov tshuaj uas zoo li kua qaub-paus corrosion thiab oxidation hauv kev siv cov kev siv. Piv txwv li, hauv cov tshuaj rwb thaiv tsev pip tshuaj pipeline, cov khoom yuav tsum tiv taus corrosive dog media ntev ntev. Ib qho kev dawb huv polymel fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm Suzhou lub koom haum tsim nyob rau 650 degree thiab tswj hwm cov qauv acid lossis alkali rau ib nrab ib nrab xyoo.
Tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov yog ze rau cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg. Organic Aerogels (piv txwv li, polyimide Aerogels) muaj cov tshuaj ntxuav dej siab dua, thaum cov aeroga aerogel) yuav dhau los ua ntu zus los hloov ntawm theem siab. Yog li, xaiv cov ntaub ntawv xaiv yuav tsum txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb ib puag ncig (piv txwv li, pH nqi, redox tej yam kev mob).
Kev hloov kho ib puag ncig: cov tswv yim rau cov av noo thiab kub hloov kho
Cov txheej txheem ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam tau cov kev ua tau zoo airgel. Hais txogkev vaum, Hydrophilic Aerogels nqus noo noo yooj yim, thaum hydrothobic Aerogels nrog cov organic ua haujlwm zoo ib pawg) nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov av noo ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, Southeast University's Maas Airgel ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm hydrophibic rau super-hydrophobic hloov kho, tiv thaiv cov huab cua sov.
Kub losyog lwm qhov kev xeem tseem ceeb. Aerospace Aerogels yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov kub kub sib txawv ntawm -230 degree rau 1400 degree. Tshiab polyimide Aerogels Txhim Kho Kom Zoo Tshaj Plaws Cov Qauv Kev Tsim Kho Tab sis kuj tau nqus cov suab lub suab zog, txo lub suab nrov thaum lub sijhawm xa tawm.
Hluav Taws Kub Kub thiab nplaim Retardancy: Nyuaj Rau Kev Ruaj Ntseg
Hauv kev tsim kho, tsheb thauj mus los, thiab lwm thaj chaw, tiv thaiv hluav taws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom siv airgel. Raws li cov qauv hauv tebchaws, pam vov pam vov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov ntaub ntawv tua hluav taws Piv txwv li, lub nplaim taws ua plob-retardant thermal rwb thaiv tsev sib xyaw ua ke muaj tsawg yam kev tsim kho tau ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov nplaim taws muaj kev kub ntxhov, ncua kev sib kis.
Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom sib txuas ntawm aerogels yog qhov tseem ceeb los xav txog. Kev ntsuam xyuas qhia tias cov aerogels zoo tshaj plaws tsuas yog tsim cov dej vapor thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide thaum hlawv kom muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg txoj kev nyab xeeb ntsuab.
Hydrophilic \/ Hydrophobic Khoom: Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau kev thaj chaw noo
Hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic cov khoom ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev siv airgel hauv cov chaw ntub dej. Hydrophilic Aerogels (piv txwv li, ntshiab inorganic silica aerogels sile bayosion nqus nqus nqus dej thiab tsis yooj yim, haum rau cov xwm txheej qhuav. Hydrophobic Aerogels (piv txwv li, cov pab pawg nruab nrab ntawm hydogels, tiv thaiv hydrophobic thiab corrosion thiab corrosion, zoo tagnrho rau cov dej noo siab lossis underwater nrog cov av noo lossis hauv qab dej.
Piv txwv li, hydrophobic Aerogels tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau hauv Lng Cryogenic rwb thaiv tsev, ua kom lub zog ntev ruaj khov hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv kev sau cov kev thov adsorption (piv txwv li, kev kho dej khib nyiab), Aeroghilic yog nyiam rau lawv qhov muaj peev xwm loj thiab muaj peev xwm ua ntxiv.
Ceev thiab porosity: kev lag luam tawm ntawm kev sib dhos thiab ua haujlwm
Aerogels 'Tsawg ntom ntom (piv txwv li, Silica Cua Sov Density li {{0% {} {}}. Aerospace xav txog kev loj hlob hnyav heev, thaum kev teeb tsa yuav ua ntej ua kom muaj rwb thaiv tsev.
Porosity tsis zoo noj nrog thermal conductivity, tab sis ntau dhau siab porosity yuav txwv cov khoom siv neeg kho. Cov Khoom Tsim (piv txwv, nthuav qhia Nanofiber Qhov Cuab Yeej) sib haum xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm. Tongji University's Team, piv txwv li qauv ntawm cov qauv nanoribbon ntawm cov hlau oxide areergels rau txhim kho compressive compressive compressive compressive porosity.
Ib puag ncig kev ua phooj ywg thiab kev ua kom muaj kev cia siab rau qhov kev loj hlob ntsuab
Nrog kev paub txog ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, cov kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm airgel ntau lawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov ntaub ntawv lawv tus kheej tau txais kev mloog. Southeast University's Maas Airgel siv cov txheej txheem kom qhuav-kom qhuav, nrog cov khoom siv raw txheej txheem raw ua kom haum rau cov ntsiab lus ntsuab.
Kev pabcuam lub neej kuj yog ib puag ncig kev txiav txim siab. Cov Aerogel zoo tsis tshua zoo siab dhau sijhawm, txo cov zaus hloov thiab cov khib nyiab. Piv txwv li, Aydrophobic Aerogels rau cov tsev tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov sab nraud ntev txog xyoo caum.
Tus nqi-ua tau zoo: cov kev txiav txim siab thev naus laus zis tom qab tus nqi-kev ua tau zoo piv
Cov nqi Airgel nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, cov ntaub ntawv raw, thiab teev. Tsoos supercritical ziab yog kim, tab sis cov thev naus laus zis tshiab zoo li ambient siab kom qhuav thiab khov-kom qhuav tau txo cov nqi ho. Soutastast University's Maas Airgel, cov nqi tsuas yog 1\/20 ntawm cov Aerogels tsoos, txhawb nws txoj kev siv hauv kev tsim kho.
Kev xaiv yuav tsum muaj feem sib npaug thiab raug nqi. Tus nqi them tus nqi sib tw zoo li kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev ua kom haum cov nqi aerog, thaum kawg siab-kawg zoo li aerospace ua ntej kev ua tau zoo.
Kho qhov muag tau kho qhov muag: Kev sib tawg tshiab hauv cov teb tawm
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, Aerogels 'kho qhov muag tau dhau los ua cov kev tshawb nrhiav hotspot. Silica aerogels, piv txwv li kev sib piv, muaj cov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis zoo rau lub teeb pom kev zoo tshaj 100 thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau ua pob tshab thiav rau lub qhov rais thiab cov khw hnub ci. Lub "super-dub" cov khoom tsim los ntawm Suzhou Nano-Tech tau ua tiav tus nqi ntawm 99.72 los ntawm kev siv Aerog, nrog cov ntawv thov dav hauv photocalalysis thiab pyroelectricity.
Hauv lub tsev hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob, pob tshab thermal-insulating airgel iav tso cai pom kev teeb hluav taws xob thaum thaiv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Ib qho tshiab airgel sib xyaw iav, piv txwv li, txo cov cua sov hloov mus los ntawm kwv yees li 50% piv rau cov khoom siv hollow thaum sib tham txog cov kev xav tau.
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Thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv airgel, cov cim tseem ceeb xws liThermal kev kawm, cov khoom siv neeg siv tshuaj kho kom zoo, kev yoog taus, kub thiab porosity, ib puag ncig ua phooj ywg, nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo, thiabKho qhov muagYuav tsum raug ntsuas raws li cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, cov roj teeb hluav taws xob tshiab lub zog ua ntej qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thermal thiab nplaim hluav taws lov; Aerospace tsom rau qhov kub-ua tsis taus thiab cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam; Thiab tsim nyog PUAS ZOG PUAS PHEEJ YIG PAILASH RWB THAIV THIAB NQE.